Lecture Videos and Textbook:
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Bioelectromagnetism
by Prof. Jaakko Malmivuo
Jaakko Malmivuo and Robert Plonsey:
Bioelectromagnetism
Principles and Applications of
Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields
Bioelectromagnetism
Principles and Applications of
Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields
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Highlights of the book
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Lecture 1 | ||
Introduction | ||
Bioelectromagnetism, Main topics, Textbook, Interdisciplinary sciences | ||
Bioelectromagnetism, Subdivisions of bioelectromagnetism | ||
Bioelectric phenomena, Generation of bioelectric signals, Importance of bioelectromagnetism, Funny example | ||
History of bioelectromagnetism, William Gilbert, Jan Swammerdam, Luigi Galvani, Electrotherapy | ||
Hans Christian Ørstedt, Hans Berger - EEG, Magnetocardiogram, Hermann Helmholtz, Nernst equation | ||
Lecture 2 | ||
Part I | Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Bioelectromagnetism | |
Nerve and muscle cell, Cell membrane, Motoneuron | ||
Synapse, Striated muscle, Bioelectric function, Response of the membrane potential, Conduction of nerve impulse | ||
Subthreshold membrane phenomena, Nernst equation, Electric potential and field, Nernst-Planc equation, Illustration | ||
The origin of resting voltage, Electric circuit of membrane, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, Reversal voltage, Transmembrane ion flux | ||
Lecture 3 | ||
Subthreshold membrane phenomena, Nernst equation, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, Transmembrane ion flux | ||
Cable equation of the axon, Steady state response, Stimulation with step-current, Strength-duration relation | ||
Active behavior of the membrane, Voltage clamp method, Space clamp, Voltage clamp | ||
Voltage clamp, Examples, Transmembrane ion flux, Preparation of an axon, Fugu fish | ||
Hodgin-Huxley model, Parallel conductance model, Voltage clamp experiments, Model for potassium conductance | ||
Lecture 4 | ||
Hodgkin-Huxley model, Parallel conductance model, Potassium conductance, Model for potassium conductance | ||
Sodium conductance, Model for sodium conductance, A model for channel gating | ||
Hodgin-Huxley equations, Sodium and potassium conductances, Propagating nerve impulse | ||
Patch clamp method, Current through a single ion channel, Modern understanding of the ionic channels | ||
Synapses, receptor cells and brain, Excitatory and inhibitory synapses, Spatial and temporal summation, Electric model of the synapse | ||
Lecture 5 | ||
Model for potassium and sodium conductances, Nobel Prize 1991, Patch clamp method | ||
Synapses, receptor cells and brain, Reflex arch, Division of sensory and motoric functions, Cranial nerves | ||
The heart, Anatomy and physiology of the heart, Cross-section video, Striated muscle, Syncytium | ||
Cardiac cycle, Generation of bioelectric signal, Conduction system, Intrinsic frequency, Electrophysiology of the heart | ||
Total excitation of the isolated human heart, Genesis of the electrocardiogram | ||
Lecture 6 | ||
Part II | Bioelectric Sources and Conductors and Their Modeling | |
Volume source and volume conductor | ||
Bioelectric source and its electric field | ||
Volume source in a homogeneous volume conductor | ||
The concept of modeling | ||
The human body as a volume conductor | ||
Forward and inverse problems | ||
Lecture 7 | ||
Volume source, Piecewise homogeneous volume conductor, Green's theorem, Dipole | ||
Part III | Theoretical Methods in Bioelectromagnetism | |
Solid angle theorem, Double layer, Inhomogeneous double layer, Double layer sources | ||
Lead Vector, Ohm's Law, lead vector concept, Lead voltage between two measurement points | ||
Einthoven triangle, Burger Model, Variation of the Frank model | ||
Lead vector, Image surface, Points inside the image surface, Design of orthonormal lead systems | ||
Lecture 8 | ||
Solid angle theorem, Double layer source, Lead vector | ||
Image surface, Design of orthonormal lead systems | ||
Lead field, Sensitivity distribution, Linearity, Superposition | ||
Reciprocity, Hermann von Helmholtz, Historical approach, Electric lead | ||
Ideal lead field, Effect of electrode configuration, Synthesizing an ideal lead field | ||
Lecture 9 | ||
Review of lead field concept, Sensitivity distribution, Reciprocity and electric lead | ||
Gabor-Nelson theorem, Summary of the theoretical methods | ||
Biomagnetism, Equations, Biomagnetic fields | ||
Reciprocity theorem for magnetic fields, Equations for electric and magnetic leads | ||
Magnetic dipole moment, Ideal lead field, Synthesization of ideal magnetic lead, Radial and tangential sensitivities | ||
Lecture 10 | ||
Reciprocity theorem for magnetic fields, Biomagnetic fields repeated | ||
Magnetic dipole moment, Special properties of magnetic lead fields | ||
Sensitivity distribution of basic magnetic leads, Magnetometers | ||
Independence of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields, Helmholtz theorem | ||
Part IV | Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of Neural Tissue | |
Electroencephalograpy, EEG lead systems, Behavior of EEG signal | ||
Magnetoencephalography, History, Sensitivity distribution, Axial and planar gradiometers | ||
Comparison of EEG and MEG half sensitivity, Electrode in the source region | ||
Effect of skull resistivity, Summary. | ||
Lecture 11 | ||
Part V | Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of the Heart | |
12-lead ECG system, Waller, Einthoven | ||
ECG Signal | ||
Wilson central terminal, Goldberger leads, Precordial leads | ||
Modifications of the 12-lead system, The information content of the 12 lead system | ||
Lecture 12 | ||
VCG Lead systems, Uncorrected VCG lead systems | ||
Corrected VCG Systems, Frank lead system | ||
Lecture 13 | ||
Frank lead system repeated | ||
Lead systems: McFee-Parungao, SVEC III, Gabor-Nelson | ||
Discussion on VCG leads | ||
Other lead systems, Moving dipole, Multiple-dipole model, Multipole, Clinical diagnosis | ||
Summary of models used | ||
Distortion factors in ECG, Effect of the inhomogeneities, Brody effect | ||
Lecture 14 | ||
Brody effect, Direction of ventricular activation, Effect of blood resistivity | ||
The basis of ECG diagnosis, The application areas of ECG diagnosis, Electric axis of the heart, Ventricular arrhythmias | ||
Disorders in the activation sequence, Myocardial ischemia and infarction | ||
Magnetocardiography, History, Standard grid | ||
Lecture 15 | ||
Magnetocardiography, Methods for detecting magnetic heart vector, McFee lead system, XYZ-lead system, ABC-lead system | ||
Sensitrivity distribution, Generation of MCG signal | ||
Clinical applications: Fetal MCG, DC-MCG | ||
General solution for the clinical application, Theoretical aspects, Helmholz's theorem | ||
The electromagnetocardiography method (EMCG), Clinical study, Results | ||
Lecture 16 | ||
Part VI | Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue | |
History, Applications, Taser | ||
Magnetic stimulation, History, Principle of magnetic stimulation, Distribution of stimulation current | ||
Part VII | Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of the Heart | |
23 | Pacemakers | |
Cardiac defibrillation, Mechanism, Defibrillator devices | ||
Part VIII | Measurement of the Intrinsic Electric Properties of Biological Tissues | |
Impedance cardiography, Signals, Origin of the impedance signal | ||
Lecture 17 | ||
Impedance cardiography, Signals, Origin of the signal | ||
Accuracy of the impedance cardiography, Other applications of impedance pletysmography | ||
Impedance tomography, Measurement methods, Image reconstruction | ||
Electrodermal response, Lie detector | ||
Part IX | Other Bioelectromagnetic Phenomena | |
28 | The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye, EOG, Electroretinogram | |
Lecture 18 | ||
Objectives, Discipline bioelectromagnetism | ||
Subthreshold membrane phenomena, Nerst equation, Origin of the resting voltage | ||
Active behavior of the membrane, Voltage clamp, Results | ||
Bioelectric sources and conductors, Models | ||
Lecture 19 | ||
Theoretical methods in bioelectromagnetism, Solid angle theorem, Image surface, Linearity, Superposition, Electric lead |
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