1. Which layer is immediately below the data link layer?
a. Physical
b. Network
c. Transport
d. Application
2. What does flow control determine?
a. When a device can transmit
b. Whether a device is connection oriented or connectionless
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
3. Converting data into signals by transforming and encoding the information to produce electromagnetic signals is the functionality of a ___________.
a. Source
b. Transmitter
c. Receiver
d. Destination
4. Which of the following describes stop-and-wait flow control?
a. It is simple
b. It is complex
c. It is best with small frames
d. It is best over long distances
5. What must a sender do before a receiver’s sliding windows buffer can expand?
a. Send an acknowledgment
b. Receive an acknowledgment
c. Either a or b
d. Neither a nor b
6. Controlled access line discipline is used with which type of circuit?
a. Point-to-point
b. Multipoint
c. Either a or b
d. Neither a nor b
7. Which of the following is the simplest error-detection method?
a. Parity
b. Longitudinal redundancy checking
c. Checksum checking
d. Cyclic redundancy checking
8. Which type of error detection uses binary division?
a. Parity
b. Longitudinal redundancy checking
c. Checksum checking
d. Cyclic redundancy checking
9. Which of the following is also called forward error correction?
a. Simplex
b. Retransmission
c. Detection-error coding
d. Error-correction coding
10. The solution to the problem of scalability of the Internet is to break the network down into manageable parts, or domains each called ____________.
a. Router
b. Autonomous system
c. Interface
d. Bridge
11. For a CSMA/CD network, twice the propagation time between the two most distant stations is called _________________.
a. Slot time
b. Transfer time
c. Round trip delay time
d. Both a and c
12. When a network interface has a failure in its circuitry, it sends a continuous stream of frames causing the Ethernet LAN to enter a Collapse state. This condition is known as __________.
a. Scattering
b. Blocking
c. Jabbering
d. Refreshing
13. The IEEE 802.3 specification divides the data link layer into two sub-layers: the Logical link control sub-layer and the medium access control sub-layer. An example of one implementation of medium access control is _______________.
a. TCP protocol
b. CSMA/CD protocol
c. IP protocol
d. UDP protocol
14. In an object-oriented model, when different classes have operations with the same name but different implementation, they are having the property of ___________.
a. Inheritance
b. Association
c. Polymorphism
d. Aggregation
15. Telnet, FTP, SMTP, DNS, HTTP are examples of protocols that are used in ____________________.
a. Application layer of OSI reference model
b. Presentation layer of OSI reference model
c. Session layer of OSI reference model
d. Data link layer of OSI reference model
16. Session control, file and printer are three categories of messages which pass requests and acknowledgements in a client-server platform. They are used by __________________.
a. TCP/IP protocol
b. Ethernet protocol
c. CSMA/CD protocol
d. SMB protocol
17. ____________________ is a technique which transforms an analogue telephone circuit into a digital signal, and involves three consecutive processes: sampling, quantization and encoding.
a. Frequency Modulation (FM)
b. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
c. Amplitude Modulation (AM)
d. Phase Modulation (PM)
18. The frame alignment word is a sequence of bits that allows the start of each STM-1 frame to be clearly identified within SDH network. It is contained within _________________.
a. Regenerator section overhead
b. Multiplex section overhead
c. Synchronous section overhead
d. Sequence section overhead
19. The Star arrangement in the figure below shows how it is used to distribute the timing source within a telecommunication station in SDH network.
This is an example of ___________________.
a. Intra-station synchronization
b. Inter-station synchronization
c. Ultra-station synchronization
d. Multi-station synchronization
20. ____________ is the standard defined by the American National Standard Authority, ANSI T1 for synchronous operation used in North America.
a. DXC
b. STM-1
c. ADM
d. SONET
21. The failure density function, f(t) is used to give the probability of failure during an interval of time. It is known as ______________.
a. Probability density distribution
b. Cumulative probability distribution
c. Cumulative density distribution
d. Failure probability distribution
22. _______________ is one of the Telecommunication management network (TMN) functional blocks that will convert TMN information into a format that can be easily understood by the user.
a. Operations system function block
b. Workstation function block
c. Reference function block
d. Network element function block
23. In Telecommunication management Network (TMN) system, the role of the manager is to issue commands and requests to the agent. These commands and requests are known as ________________.
a. Notifications
b. Feedbacks
c. Operations
d. Acknowledgements
24. The sequence of the binary digits representing the outcomes of parity checks in Hamming codes is known as _________________.
a. Look-up entry
b. Hamming distance
c. Radix
d. Syndrome
25. Rather than sending the absolute value of each sample, it is possible to achieve a smaller transmission bit-rate by sending the difference between consecutive samples. This is known as _______________.
a. Delta modulation
b. Delta–sigma modulation
c. Adaptive delta modulation
d. Differential PCM
26. The electron beam in the cathode ray tube (CRT) inside the TV set is made to scan the whole visible surface of the screen in a zigzag pattern. This is known as ____________.
a. Raster
b. Picture line
c. Frame
d. Broadcast
27. The figure below shows an example of a modulation system used in digital communication.
What is that modulation system?
a. PCM Modulation.
b. Delta Modulation.
c. Sigma Modulation.
d. Differential Modulation.
28. One of the compression techniques in communication uses the fact that in most pictures, there is considerable correlation between neighboring areas that is a high degree of redundancy in the data to compress. This type of compression is known as _____________.
a. Temporal compression
b. Dynamic compression
c. Spatial compression
d. Random compression
29. Reversible or lossless coding is a type of coding for which the exact data can be recovered after decoding. This type of coding is used by _________________.
a. PCM encoding
b. Huffman encoding
c. Run-length encoding
d. Both b and c
30. The error represented by the difference between the original and quantized signals set a fundamental limitation to the performance of PCM systems known as __________________.
a. Dynamic range
b. Quantization noise
c. Detection-error
d. Correction-error
a. Physical
b. Network
c. Transport
d. Application
a. When a device can transmit
b. Whether a device is connection oriented or connectionless
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
3. Converting data into signals by transforming and encoding the information to produce electromagnetic signals is the functionality of a ___________.
a. Source
b. Transmitter
c. Receiver
d. Destination
a. It is simple
b. It is complex
c. It is best with small frames
d. It is best over long distances
a. Send an acknowledgment
b. Receive an acknowledgment
c. Either a or b
d. Neither a nor b
a. Point-to-point
b. Multipoint
c. Either a or b
d. Neither a nor b
a. Parity
b. Longitudinal redundancy checking
c. Checksum checking
d. Cyclic redundancy checking
a. Parity
b. Longitudinal redundancy checking
c. Checksum checking
d. Cyclic redundancy checking
a. Simplex
b. Retransmission
c. Detection-error coding
d. Error-correction coding
a. Router
b. Autonomous system
c. Interface
d. Bridge
a. Slot time
b. Transfer time
c. Round trip delay time
d. Both a and c
a. Scattering
b. Blocking
c. Jabbering
d. Refreshing
a. TCP protocol
b. CSMA/CD protocol
c. IP protocol
d. UDP protocol
a. Inheritance
b. Association
c. Polymorphism
d. Aggregation
a. Application layer of OSI reference model
b. Presentation layer of OSI reference model
c. Session layer of OSI reference model
d. Data link layer of OSI reference model
a. TCP/IP protocol
b. Ethernet protocol
c. CSMA/CD protocol
d. SMB protocol
a. Frequency Modulation (FM)
b. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
c. Amplitude Modulation (AM)
d. Phase Modulation (PM)
a. Regenerator section overhead
b. Multiplex section overhead
c. Synchronous section overhead
d. Sequence section overhead
a. Intra-station synchronization
b. Inter-station synchronization
c. Ultra-station synchronization
d. Multi-station synchronization
a. DXC
b. STM-1
c. ADM
d. SONET
a. Probability density distribution
b. Cumulative probability distribution
c. Cumulative density distribution
d. Failure probability distribution
a. Operations system function block
b. Workstation function block
c. Reference function block
d. Network element function block
a. Notifications
b. Feedbacks
c. Operations
d. Acknowledgements
a. Look-up entry
b. Hamming distance
c. Radix
d. Syndrome
a. Delta modulation
b. Delta–sigma modulation
c. Adaptive delta modulation
d. Differential PCM
a. Raster
b. Picture line
c. Frame
d. Broadcast
a. PCM Modulation.
b. Delta Modulation.
c. Sigma Modulation.
d. Differential Modulation.
a. Temporal compression
b. Dynamic compression
c. Spatial compression
d. Random compression
a. PCM encoding
b. Huffman encoding
c. Run-length encoding
d. Both b and c
a. Dynamic range
b. Quantization noise
c. Detection-error
d. Correction-error
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